Nuclear And Radiochemistry 4th Edition (fundamentals And Applications)

The leading resource for anyone looking for an accessible and authoritative introduction to nuclear and radiochemistry

In the newly revised Fourth Edition of Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications, distinguished chemist Jens-Volker Kratz delivers a two-volume handbook that has become the gold standard in teaching and learning nuclear and radiochemistry. The books cover the theory and fundamentals of the subject before moving on the technical side of nuclear chemistry, with coverage of nuclear energy, nuclear reactors, and radionuclides in the life sciences.

This latest edition discusses the details and impact of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters, as well as new research facilities, including FAIR and HIM. It also incorporates new methods for target preparation and new processes for nuclear fuel recycling, like EURO-GANEX. Finally, the volumes extensively cover environmental technological advances and the effects of radioactivity on the environment.

Readers will also find:

• An accessible and thorough introduction to the fundamental concepts of nuclear physics and chemistry, including atomic processes, classical mechanics, relativistic mechanics, and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Comprehensive explorations of radioactivity in nature, radioelements, radioisotopes and their atomic masses, and other physical properties of nuclei
• Practical discussions of the nuclear force, nuclear structure, decay modes, radioactive decay kinetics, and nuclear radiation
• In-depth examinations of the statistical considerations relevant to radioactivity measurements

Written for practicing nuclear chemists and atomic physicists, Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications is also an indispensable resource for nuclear physicians, power engineers, and professionals working in the nuclear industry.

Volume 1

Preface vii

1 Fundamental Concepts 1

1.1 The Atom 1

1.2 Atomic Processes 2

1.3 Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus 4

1.4 Nuclear Decay Types 6

1.5 Some Physical Concepts Needed in Nuclear Chemistry 10

1.5.1 Fundamental Forces 10

1.5.2 Elements from Classical Mechanics 11

1.5.3 Relativistic Mechanics 11

1.5.4 The de Broglie Wavelength 13

1.5.5 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 14

1.5.6 The Standard Model of Particle Physics 15

1.5.7 Force Carriers 19

Reference 20

Further Reading 21

2 Radioactivity in Nature 23

2.1 Discovery of Radioactivity 23

2.2 Radioactive Substances in Nature 26

2.3 Nuclear Forensics 30

References 33

Further Reading 33

3 Radioelements and Radioisotopes and Their Atomic Masses 35

3.1 Periodic Table of the Elements 35

3.2 Isotopes and the Chart of Nuclides 36

3.3 Nuclide Masses and Binding Energies 40

3.4 Evidence for Shell Structure in Nuclei 48

3.5 Precision Mass Spectrometry 51

References 56

Further Reading 56

4 Other Physical Properties of Nuclei 59

4.1 Nuclear Radii 59

4.2 Nuclear Angular Momenta 64

4.3 Magnetic Dipole Moments 66

4.4 Electric Quadrupole Moments 69

4.5 Statistics and Parity 70

4.6 Excited States 71

References 72

Further Reading 72

5 The Nuclear Force and Nuclear Structure 75

5.1 Nuclear Forces 75

5.2 Charge Independence and Isospin 78

5.3 Nuclear Matter 82

5.4 Fermi Gas Model 84

5.5 Shell Model 86

5.6 Collective Motion in Nuclei 95

5.7 Nilsson Model 100

5.8 The Pairing Force and Quasi-Particles 104

5.9 Macroscopic–Microscopic Model