Gas Injection Into Geological Formations And Related Topics

This is the eighth volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, focusing on gas injection into geological formations and other related topics, very important areas of natural gas engineering. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters detailing the most cutting-edge techniques in acid gas injection, carbon capture, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more.

Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer in the industry. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today.

Preface xvii

1 Modifying Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide When Contemplating Subsurface Injection of Sulfur 1
Mitchell J. Stashick, Gabriel O. Sofekun and Robert A. Marriott

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Experimental 3

1.2.1 Materials 3

1.2.2 Rheometer 4

1.3 Results and Discussion 5

1.4 Conclusions 7

References 8

2 Experimental Determination of CO₂ Solubility in Brines At High Temperatures and High Pressures and Induced Corrosion of Materials in Geothermal Equipment 9
Marie Poulain, Jean-Charles Dupin, Hervé Martinez and Pierre Cézac

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Experimental Section 11

2.2.1 Chemicals 11

2.2.2 Test Solutions 11

2.2.3 Metals 11

2.2.4 CO₂ Solubility Measurements 12

2.2.5 Material Corrosion Study 13

2.3 Results and Discussion 15

2.3.1 CO₂ Solubility Measurements 15

2.3.2 Material Corrosion Study 16

2.4 Conclusion 19

2.5 Acknowledgments 19

References 19

3 Experimental Study of the Liquid Vapour Equilibrium of the System Water-CO₂-O₂-NO_x Under Pressure at 298 K 21
Esther Neyrolles, Georgio Bassil, François Contamine, Pierre Cézac and Philippe Arpentinier

3.1 Introduction 22

3.2 Literature Review 23

3.2.1 Carbon Dioxide and Water System 23

3.2.2 Nitrogen Oxides and Water System 24

3.2.3 Nitric Oxide Henry Constant at 298 K 25

3.3 Experimental Section 26

3.3.1 Chemicals 26

3.3.2 Apparatus 26

3.3.3 Operating Procedure 27

3.3.4 Experimental Analysis 29

3.3.4.1 Aqueous Analysis 29

3.3.4.2 Gas Phase Analysis 30

3.3.5 Estimation of the Concentrations of All the Species in the Aqueous Phase 31

3.3.6 Uncertainties 32

3.4 Results and Discussion 33

3.4.1 Solubility of Carbon Dioxide 33

3.4.2 Nitrogen Oxides Repartition in the Aqueous Phase 35

3.4.3 Nitric Oxide Henry Constant at 298 K 37

3.5 Conclusion 38

3.6 Acknowledgments 38

References 38

4 The Use of IR Spectroscopy to Follow the Absorption of CO₂ in Amine Media – Evaluation of the Speciation with Time 41
E. Brugere, J-M. Andanson and K. Ballerat-Busserolles

4.1 Introduction 41

4.2 Materials and Methods 44

4.2.1 Chemicals 44

4.2.2 Sample Preparation 44

4.3 Experimental Device 44

4.4 Results and Discussion 46

4.4.1 Kinetic of Absorption 46

4.4.2 Calibration of Speciation 46

4.4.2.1 Sample Preparation 46

4.4.2.2 Spectra and Results 48

4.4.2.3 Physisorption 49

4.4.2.4 Full Curve Speciation 51

4.5 Conclusion 52

4.6 Acknowledgments 53

References 53

5 Solubility of Meth