Handbook Of Mri Technique 5e

HANDBOOK OF MRI TECHNIQUE

FIFTH EDITION

Distinguished educator Catherine Westbrook delivers a comprehensive and intuitive resource for radiologic technologists in this newly revised Fifth Edition of the Handbook of MRI Technique. With a heavy emphasis on protocol optimisation and patient care, the book guides the uninitiated through scanning techniques and assists more experienced technologists with image quality improvement.

The new edition includes up-to-date scanning techniques and an additional chapter on paediatric imaging. The latest regulations on MRI safety are referenced and there are expanded sections on slice prescription criteria. The book also includes the contributions of several clinical experts, walking readers through key theoretical concepts, discussing practical tips on cardiac gating, equipment use, patient care, MRI safety, and contrast media. Step-by-step instruction is provided on scanning each anatomical area, complete with patient positioning and image quality optimisation techniques.

The book includes:

• A thorough introduction to the concepts of parameters and trade-offs, as well as pulse sequences, flow phenomena, and artefacts
• Comprehensive explorations of cardiac gating and respiratory compensation techniques, patient care and safety, contrast agents, and slice prescription criteria
• Practical discussions of a wide variety of examination areas, including the head and neck, spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis, the upper and lower limbs, and paediatric imaging
• A companion website with self-assessment questions and image flashcards

Perfect for radiography students and newly qualified practitioners, as well as practitioners preparing for MRI-based certification and examination, the Handbook of MRI Technique will also prove to be an invaluable addition to the libraries of students in biomedical engineering technology and radiology residents.

Contributors ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xiii

About the Companion Website xv

Chapter 1 How to Use This Book 1

Introduction 1

Common indications 2

Basic anatomy 2

Equipment 2

Patient positioning 5

Slice prescription 6

Suggested protocol 6

Protocol optimization 6

Patient considerations 6

Contrast usage 6

Summary 7

Terms and abbreviations used in Part 2 7

Conclusion 17

Part 1 Theoretical and Practical Concepts 19

Chapter 2 Protocol Parameters and Trade-offs 21

Introduction 21

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 24

Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) 24

Spatial resolution 25

Scan time 26

Decision strategies 27

Conclusion 28

Chapter 3 Pulse Sequences 29

Introduction 29

Conventional spin echo (CSE) 29

Fast spin echo or turbo spin echo (FSE/TSE) 32

Inversion recovery (IR/FSE/TSE-IR) 34

Rewound gradient echo 35

Balanced GRE 35

Spoiled GRE 36

Reverse echo GRE 37

Echo planar imaging (EPI) 38

Conclusion 42

Chapter 4 Flow Phenomena and Artefacts 44

Flow phenomena 44

Introduction 44

Time of flight (TOF) 45

Entry slice phenomenon 46

Intra-voxel dephasing 46

Flow artefact remedies 46

Artefacts 48

Introduction 48

Phase mismapping 48

Aliasing 48

Chemical shift 49

Out-of-phase signal cancellation 49

Truncation 49

Magnetic susceptibility 49

Magic angle 50

Conclusion 51

Chapter 5 Gating and Respiratory Compensation Techniques 53

Introduction 53

Cardiac gating (ECG/EKG gating) 53

Peripheral gating (Pe gating) 58

Ciné imaging 59

Imaging planes 6