Geophysical Monitoring For Geologic Carbon Storage

Methods and techniques for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage

Storing carbon dioxide in underground geological formations is emerging as a promising technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. A range of geophysical techniques can be deployed to remotely track carbon dioxide plumes and monitor changes in the subsurface, which is critical for ensuring for safe, long-term storage.

Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage provides a comprehensive review of different geophysical techniques currently in use and being developed, assessing their advantages and limitations.

Volume highlights include:

• Geodetic and surface monitoring techniques
• Subsurface monitoring using seismic techniques
• Subsurface monitoring using non-seismic techniques
• Case studies of geophysical monitoring at different geologic carbon storage sites

The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

List of Contributors vii

Preface xi

1 Evaluating Different Geophysical Monitoring Techniques for Geological Carbon Storage
Lianjie Huang and Xianjin Yang 1

Part I Geodetic and Surface Monitoring

2 Geodetic Monitoring of the Geological Storage of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Donald Vasco, Alessandro Ferretti, Alessio Rucci, Giacomo Falorni, Sergey Samsonov, Don White, and Magdalena Czarnogorska 11

3 Surface Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA) for Geologic Sequestration Storage
Samuel Clegg, Kristy Nowak-Lovato, Robert Currier, Julianna Fessenden, and Ronald Martinez 29

Part II Subsurface Seismic Monitoring

4 Optimal Design of Microseismic Monitoring Network for Cost-Effective Monitoring of Geologic Carbon Storage
Ting Chen and Lianjie Huang 43

5 Seismic Response of Fractured Sandstone During Geological Sequestration of CO2: Laboratory Measurements at Mid (Sonic) Frequencies and X-Ray CT Fluid Phase Visualization
Seiji Nakagawa and Timothy Kneafsey 53

6 Dynamic Moduli and Attenuation: Rhyolite and Carbonate Examples
Daniel Delaney, Christopher Purcell, Alan Mur, Igor Haljasmaa, Yee Soong, Dustin Crandall, and William Harbert 73

7 Elastic-Wave Sensitivity Propagation for Optimal Time-Lapse Seismic Survey Design
Kai Gao, Huseyin Denli, Xuefeng Shang, and Lianjie Huang 93

8 Time-Lapse Offset VSP Monitoring at the Aneth CO2-EOR Field
Zhifu Zhang and Lianjie Huang 125

9 Reverse Time Migration of Time-Lapse Walkaway VSP Data for Monitoring CO2 Injection at the SACROC CO2-EOR Field
Yi Wang, Hui Huang, and Lianjie Huang 145

10 Least-Squares Reverse-Time Migration for Reservoir Imaging at the Cranfield CO2-EOR Field
Sirui Tan, Lianjie Huang, and Thomas M. Daley 155

11 Quantifying Changes of Subsurface Geophysical Properties Using Double-Difference Seismic-Waveform Inversion
Youzuo Lin, Zhigang Zhang, and Lianjie Huang 167

12 Multicomponent Seismic Data and Joint Inversion
Bryan DeVault, Vincent Clochard, Lee H. Spangler, and David W. Bowen 179

13 Tracking Subsurface Supercritical CO2 Using Advanced Reflection Seismic and Well Log-Based Workflows Incorporating Fluid Density and Pore Pressure Effects: Relevance to Reservoir Monitoring and CO2 EOR
Alan Mur, Thomas M. Daley, and William Harbert 197

Part III Subsurface Nonseismic Monitoring

14 Monitoring Carbon Storage Sites With Time-Lapse Gravity Surveys
Delphine Appriou and Alain Bonneville 213

15 Fundamentals of